Monday, May 25, 2015

Post-Earthquake, Monsoon Season Now Nepal's Biggest Threat

Post by Gina Gabelia

Imminent monsoon -scientists detect the beginnings of the annual monsoon brewing in the Bay of Bengal and anticipate landfall within the month- could become Nepal's third major disaster to hit within two months (1).  Coverage of the Nepal earthquakes has diminished from international media; funding goals are falling short (as of May 21 21% of requested funds – US $89.1 million of US $423 million – had been received (2)) and Nepal's recovery is far from assured.  762,390 houses have been damaged and their residents are in temporary shelters (2). 286,000 households need immediate food and livelihood (agricultural seeds) support (2).  547,000 women and children need supplemental micronutrients to stave off malnutrition (2).  1,146 health facilities have been damaged or destroyed; medical care is an ongoing need to handle earthquake related injuries in addition to daily health care (2).  Without additional funds and mass resource mobilization to prepare for the monsoon season, houses, schools, hospitals, roads cannot be rebuilt; food aid cannot be procured and delivered; medical care cannot be provided; Water, Sanitation and Hygiene systems (WASH) cannot be rebuilt; psychosocial needs of the traumatized population cannot be met; normal life cannot resume.

Nepal's diverse topography, with elevations ranging from 200 feet to 29,029 feet above sea level, and thousands of miles of Himalayan sourced rivers make the nation susceptible to flash floods and landslides during monsoon season under normal circumstances (1).  Quake devstastated Nepal, where the shifting plates displaced mountainsides and filled rivers with sediment and debris, can anticipate severe flash floods and landslides (1). 

Roads linking remote mountain villages, which lost 85 to 90 percent of houses, to the rest of Nepal have been decimated by the earthquakes and some UN agencies have employed expert mountain climbers to deliver aid (3).  The monsoon will further isolate these villages, which are unaccessible during normal monsoon seasons (3).  Villagers live in makeshift shelters made of tents, tarp, corrugated metal sheets and logs, and in some cases, old vehicles (3).  These shelters are not sufficiently sturdy to withstand monsoon rain, winds, landslides, and floods (3). 

Remote mountain villages rely on subsistence farming; many are food insecure and incidences of malnutrition were among the highest in the world pre-earthquakes (4).  The earthquakes  destroyed links to other communities and sources of international food aid and nutritional supplements, which are especially vital in the lean months before crop harvests (4).  The earthquakes disrupted the main planting season which occurs several weeks before the monsoon; early crops already planted can be harveted, but will not be properly stored against the elements (5).  The future food and agricultural security of Nepal is at risk as farmers do not have seeds to plant.  In a bitter twist of fate, the monsoon, which nourishes the sub-continent's food production, could starve Nepal's remote mountain villages. 

Thousands of people in temporary shelters in the Kathmandu Valley and elsewhere are experiencing early tastes of the rain and winds, which render tents and tarps useless to protect people or materials from the elements (6).  Water borne disease burdens, particularly cholera, could become deadly epidemics when the monsoon rattles decimated WASH Systems (3).  Trauma and shock are manifesting in significant swathes across the population; monsoon destruction will only exacerbate the severity of this trauma (3). 
The physical and psychological threats from living exposed to the elements through the monsoon season cannot be emphasized enough; this will become Nepal's third disaster without immediate intervention.  The window of opportunity to deliver food, shelter, and medical aid to remote areas is shrinking as the monsoon approaches (2).  People living in temporary shelters and camps may have to wait until the monsoon season passes to begin to rebuild their lives.  Nepal needs an additional US $333.9 million to spread public health messages, provide adequate shelter, provide sufficient food supplies to communities inaccessible during the monsoon, provide medical care, provide education/Child Friendly Spaces, provide public works logistics, and reinforce the nation's delicate infrastructure to ensure public services can perform during the coming months. Coverage of Nepal's woes have faded from the media, but the emergency needs have not been met, and will only get more pressing with the monsoon.  The consequences of inaction will be mass human and infrastructural devastation that will cost billions of dollars and years of recovery.



No comments:

Post a Comment